ATTENTION- DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD)
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a developmental disorder that begins in early childhood. The major characteristic of ADHD is a person’s inability to hold attention when they are not interested in what they are doing. This can manifest in forgetfulness, being unable to focus, or hyperactivity and acting out. ADHD impacts a person’s ability to complete tasks through higher-level cognitive skills such as
working memory and impulse control.
People with ADHD have differences in their brain anatomy and function. The exact causes of ADHD aren’t known, but scientists attribute this condition to a combination of how someone’s brain works and their personal environment. Environmental factors like maternal smoking, drinking during pregnancy, premature birth and low birth weight may contribute towards the development of ADHD. Other environmental factors like toxins, home environment and early
childhood trauma can also cause changes in one’s brain development and function.
These symptoms cause low functional achievements, prevent educational progress, and create behaviours of concern. The symptoms may frustrate the children who, most of the time, do not understand what they are doing wrong as they are unaware of their difficulties.
Individuals with inattentive ADHD may exhibit the below symptoms:
Individuals with hyperactive-impulsive ADHD may exhibit the below symptoms:
The symptoms of ADHD must have lasted for over 6 months, been present before the age of 12 years and have caused serious impairment at school, at home and socially. In children, the diagnosis is usually made by a paediatrician (a doctor who specialises in children) or a child psychiatrist or psychologist. To diagnose ADHD in adulthood, it needs to be established that your symptoms began in childhood.
The first step in caring for a child with ADHD is often to use positive parenting strategies. It can help to stick to a routine and help the child build their social skills. It would also be beneficial to talk to the school to plan an environment where the child can learn comfortably.
Below are some tips for caring for a child with ADHD:
Raising children with ADHD symptoms require patience and energy. It can sometimes result in parents blaming themselves for the inappropriate behaviours of their children, and it is important that parents share their feelings and experiences with friends, relatives, or a parent support group. Practical information about schedules and parenting skills is a valuable resource and may provide emotional support.
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) evidence review found that pharmacological treatment was more effective for reducing core ADHD symptoms, and non-pharmacological treatments were more effective for improving functional outcomes for people with ADHD.
Recommendation for the use of combined pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments are based on the balance of availability, costs, preferences, values assigned to
consequences and resulting judgments. Non-pharmacological treatments can be combined with medication. If medication is not effective enough, non-pharmacological treatments can be
added to the treatment plan. Alternatively, if non-pharmacological approaches are tried first and functional impairment remains, medication can be added.
Pharmacological Treatment:
Non-Pharmacological Treatment:
People with ADHD have differences in their brain anatomy and function. The exact causes of ADHD aren’t known, but scientists attribute this condition to a combination of how someone’s brain works and their personal environment. Environmental factors like maternal smoking, drinking during pregnancy, premature birth and low birth weight may contribute towards the development of ADHD. Other environmental factors like toxins, home environment and early
childhood trauma can also cause changes in one’s brain development and function.
Emergency Services …… 000
Box Hill Hospital ……… 1300 342 255
The Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville
(03) 9342 700
Beyond Blue …..… 1300 22 4636
Open Arms (Family counselling)…..1800 011 046
Kids Helpline ………………… 1800 55 1800
Lifeline …………………..… 13 11 14
Suicide Call Back Service………… 1300 659 467
Dr. Tania Psychological services specialise in assessing and treating neurodiverse clients. We offer friendly, affordable, comprehensive mental health care for clients of all ages across a range of diverse mental health issues.
We have three psychologists that can provide ADHD assessments, if this is something you are interested in, please contact us during office hours: Tuesdays – Fridays – 8:00 am – 8:00 pm.